In 632 AD, the death of Islam's prophet Mohammed required a successor, 'caliph' in Arabic. The Ommayad dynasty soon conquered most of the Byzantine and Persian empires, absorbing much of their institutions, technique and culture, ruling ...See moreIn 632 AD, the death of Islam's prophet Mohammed required a successor, 'caliph' in Arabic. The Ommayad dynasty soon conquered most of the Byzantine and Persian empires, absorbing much of their institutions, technique and culture, ruling from Damascus. The Abassid dynasty made new capital Bagdad, on the Tigris, on unprecedented beacon of cosmopolitan civilization, brought to its height by Mamoun, who usurped power by murdering his brother and probably main ally Ali Reza. Soon the empire fractioned politically into sultanates paying only nominal tribute. The Mongol conquest ended the Arab caliphate, but spread Islam and its culture over most of Asia in a few generations. Written by
KGF Vissers
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